(9) S. Hieronymus, Epist. The Head of this Body is Christ. Ordinis, cap. On the Blessed Virgin and the Church. (40) John contemplates this holy city coming down from heaven at the renewal of the world as a bride made ready and adorned for her husband. 47. Oec. n. 67. 24. 1944: AAS 36 (1944) p. 137. ; ed. 13, 7: Eccli 44-50, Nebr. Ephesinum, ib. October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen (184) intent always upon the welfare of God's children, they must strive to lend their effort to the pastoral work of the whole diocese, and even of the entire Church. III, q. Paulus VI, 1. c., pp. S. Hilarius, In Ps. Thus, the state which is constituted by the profession of the evangelical counsels, though it is not the hierarchical structure of the Church, nevertheless, undeniably belongs to its life and holiness. To these definitions the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith. . (40*) This is even more clearly verified when, gathered together in an ecumenical council, they are teachers and judges of faith and morals for the universal Church, whose definitions must be adhered to with the submission of faith. They are more perfectly bound to the Church by the sacrament of Confirmation, and the Holy Spirit endows them with special strength so that they are more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith, both by word and by deed, as true witnesses of Christ (5*). Encycl. III, q. (209) Clearly then a great promise and a great trust is committed to the disciples: "All things are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's".(210). SS. in B. V. Nat. 1, 5; S. Clem. in annunt. They will accomplish all this for the glory and honor of God. in Apoc. V. Mary the sign of created hope and solace to the wandering people of God. He guides the Church in the way of all truth (cf. in Ps. 959 (1766). ecl., V, 24, 10: GCS II, 1, p. 49S; cd. There are two sources in particular from which the pope constantly draws and to which he refers: Sacred Scripture first of all, and then the documents of the Second Vatican Council, especially the Constitutions on the Church (Lumen Gentium), Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum), and the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes). The Father of mercies willed that the incarnation should be preceded by the acceptance of her who was predestined to be the mother of His Son, so that just as a woman contributed to death, so also a woman should contribute to life. Paschasius Radb., In Matth. This same state of life is accurately exemplified and perpetually made present in the Church. Oct 1958 John 23rd elected Pope Jan 1959 John 23 summoned council 1960 John 23rd 1961 died June 3rd 1963 Oct - Dec Opening of the Council Paul 6th became 1962 Pope June 23rd 1963 Oct - Dec Second session 1963 Oct - Dec Third session 1964 Oct - Dec Fourth session 1965 de sacr. The books of the Old Testament describe the history of salvation, by which the coming of Christ into the world was slowly prepared. Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. To Him all things are made subject until He subjects Himself and all created things to the Father that God may be all in all. 7 de Hierosolymis: Conc. 15:28). (235)(16*), 43. This Temple, symbolized in places of worship built out of stone, is praised by the Holy Fathers and, not without reason, is compared in the liturgy to the Holy City, the New Jerusalem (5*). . 4, 6 s. coll. Ang Lumen Gentium(kahulugan sa Latin: "Liwanag ng mga Bansa"), ang Dogmatikong Konstitusyon ukol sa Simbahanay isa sa mga pangunahing dokumento ng Ikalawang Konsilyo Vatikano. In it parents should, by their word and example, be the first preachers of the faith to their children; they should encourage them in the vocation which is proper to each of them, fostering with special care vocation to a sacred state. 1828 (3061). I, ib. Chrysostomus, In 2 Tim. Cfr. 45. (1*) These religious families give their members the support of a more firm stability in their way of life and a proven doctrine of acquiring perfection. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. (288) This union is manifest also at the birth of Our Lord, who did not diminish His mother's virginal integrity but sanctified it,(10*) when the Mother of God joyfully showed her firstborn Son to the shepherds and Magi. Without hierarchical communion the ontologico-sacramental function [munus], which is to be distinguished from the juridico-canonical aspect, cannot be exercised. THE MYSTERY OF THE CHURCH. (4) Cfr. The Roman Pontiff, taking account of the Church's welfare, proceeds according to his own discretion in arranging, promoting and approving the exercise of collegial activity. They exercise their sacred function especially in the Eucharistic worship or the celebration of the Mass by which acting in the person of Christ (67*) and proclaiming His Mystery they unite the prayers of the faithful with the sacrifice of their Head and renew and apply (68*) in the sacrifice of the Mass until the coming of the Lord(179) the only sacrifice of the New Testament namely that of Christ offering Himself once for all a spotless Victim to the Father. 378-379; Denz. Nell'alba, 24 dec. 1941: AAS 34 (1942) p. 21. Richard Cecka. Funk, I, p. 265 s.; 282; 232 246 s. By. A bishop, since he is sent by the Father to govern his family, must keep before his eyes the example of the Good Shepherd, who came not to be ministered unto but to minister,(170) and to lay down his life for his sheep. 199-200. On the contrary they understand that it is their noble duty to shepherd the faithful and to recognize their ministries and charisms, so that all according to their proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with one mind. Trid., l. c., Denz. Trid., Decr. At the end of time it will gloriously achieve completion, when, as is read in the Fathers, all the just, from Adam and "from Abel, the just one, to the last of the elect,"(2*) will be gathered together with the Father in the universal Church. 41. (11*) A like example, but one given in a different way, is that offered by widows and single people, who are able to make great contributions toward holiness and apostolic endeavor in the Church. By reason of the gift and role of divine maternity, by which she is united with her Son, the Redeemer, and with His singular graces and functions, the Blessed Virgin is also intimately united with the Church. Sedes Sapientiae, 31 maii 19S6: AAS 48 (1956) p. 355. Haerent animo, 4 aug. 1908: ASS 41 (1908) p. 560 s. Cod. Primasius, Comm. This practice of the counsels, under the impulsion of the Holy Spirit, undertaken by many Christians, either privately or in a Church-approved condition or state of life, gives and must give in the world an outstanding witness and example of this same holiness. (186) Becoming from the heart a pattern to the flock,(187) let them so lead and serve their local community that it may worthily be called by that name, by which the one and entire people of God is signed, namely, the Church of God. Decretum De Apostolatu laicorum, cap. Each individual layman must stand before the world as a witness to the resurrection and life of the Lord Jesus and a symbol of the living God. By his profession of the evangelical counsels, then, he is more intimately consecrated to divine service. Godefridus a S. Victore. Lumen Gentium - The Light of Nations. 1924: AAS 16 (1924) pp. : Denz. For the discharging of such great duties, the apostles were enriched by Christ with a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit coming upon them,(154) and they passed on this spiritual gift to their helpers by the imposition of hands,(155) and it has been transmitted down to us in Episcopal consecration. In the interim just as the Mother of Jesus, glorified in body and soul in heaven, is the image and beginning of the Church as it is to be perfected is the world to come, so too does she shine forth on earth, until the day of the Lord shall come,(304) as a sign of sure hope and solace to the people of God during its sojourn on earth. (11) S. Ign. (90), That messianic people has Christ for its head, "Who was delivered up for our sins, and rose again for our justification",(91) and now, having won a name which is above all names, reigns in glory in heaven. Fr Vivian Boland tells us that in Christ, God's covenant with Israel becomes Good News for all humanity. But the Lord wishes to spread His kingdom also by means of the laity, namely, a kingdom of truth and life, a kingdom of holiness and grace, a kingdom of justice, love and peace (4*). 13:1; cf. S. Ignatius M., Smyrn 8, 1: ed. ; Bardy, 11, p. 66 ss. The family is, so to speak, the domestic church. 8, a. Encycl. 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur primatus sacerdotii. ), De Virg. As the Son was sent by the Father,(131) so He too sent the Apostles, saying: "Go, therefore, make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. Therefore, let the laity devotedly strive to acquire a more profound grasp of revealed truth, and let them insistently beg of God the gift of wisdom. 16:15-16; Acts 26:17 ff. I: Mansi S2,1 109 C. (28) Cfr. (6*) Furthermore, the hierarchy, following with docility the prompting of the Holy Spirit, accepts the rules presented by outstanding men and women and authentically approves these rules after further adjustments. Trid., Sess. 11. Inter Mirifica, Decree On the Means of Social Communication, 1963. Maximum illud: AAS 11 (1919) p. 440, praesertim p. 451 ss. Encycl. The central purpose of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) is "to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal . (277) For just as Christian communion among wayfarers brings us closer to Christ, so our companionship with the saints joins us to Christ, from Whom as from its Fountain and Head issues every grace and the very life of the people of God. Origenes, In Is. (16) By the power of the Gospel He makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. Specifically, we find in Lumen Gentium 25 the following: In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. Rerum Ecclesiae: AAS 18 (1926) p. 68-69. He is the image of the invisible God and in Him all things came into being. (32*) For this reason the individual bishops represent each his own church, but all of them together and with the Pope represent the entire Church in the bond of peace, love and unity. Nicaenum II, Act. II, 7: PL 15, 1555. This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. The reason for this was and is that perfect continency for the love of God is an incentive to charity, and is certainly a particular source of spiritual fecundity in the world. DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH. 62, a. This is done in virtue of his primacy over the entire Church in order to more fully provide for the necessities of the entire flock of the Lord and in consideration of the common good. Chrysostomus n Eph. Pius XII, Litt. l9S8: AAS S0 (145R ) p. 220: Ia Iegittima sana laicita dello Stato .. (7) Cfr. (161) To fulfill this mission, Christ the Lord promised the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, and on Pentecost day sent the Spirit from heaven, by whose power they would be witnesses to Him before the nations and peoples and kings even to the ends of the earth. S. Augustinus, Bapt. Bardy, Sources Chr. Therefore, from divine choice the laity have Christ for their brothers who though He is the Lord of all, came not to be served but to serve. The former is a duty; the latter a grace. Pius XI, Litt. 184, a. Pius XII, Litt. Hence, one is constituted a member of the Episcopal body in virtue of sacramental consecration and hierarchical communion with the head and members of the body. (18) S. Ambrosius, Expos. 163 Cf Acts 1:17, 25; 21:19; Rom. (6*) They participate in the grace of their office and they should grow daily in their love of God and their neighbor by the exercise of their office through Christ, the eternal and unique Mediator. S. Germanus Const., Nom. S. Ignatius M., Trall. (20) Cfr. These earliest documents, as they are read in the Church and are understood in the light of a further and full revelation, bring the figure of the woman, Mother of the Redeemer, into a gradually clearer light. S. Andreas Cret., In nat. For their pastors know how much the laity contribute to the welfare of the entire Church. 11: PG 96, 1357. 4 Const. 3, ad 1. This was the way certain men and women assisted Paul the Apostle in the Gospel, laboring much in the Lord. (202) Let them not, then, hide this hope in the depths of their hearts, but even in the program of their secular life let them express it by a continual conversion and by wrestling "against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness.(203). Encycl. Haer. 56. (12) Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Christ is the Light of nations. 4: ed. Bellarmino): Mansi 51, I 579 C, necnon Schema reformatum I Const. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 256. The Virgin Mary, who at the message of the angel received the Word of God in her heart and in her body and gave Life to the world, is acknowledged and honored as being truly the Mother of God and Mother of the Redeemer. 590-591. 2, 20; Apoc. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. Encycl : Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) p . 9, 3: PG 62, 72. idymus Alex., Trin. S. Ignatius M., Magn. (213) In a word, "Christians must be to the world what the soul is to the body. The Lord called them blessed in His Gospel and they are those whom "the God of all graces, who has called us unto His eternal glory in Christ Jesus, will Himself, after we have suffered a little while, perfect, strengthen and establish".(226). It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . XV, et Adnot. (6*) Thus both by reason of the offering and through Holy Communion all take part in this liturgical service, not indeed, all in the same way but each in that way which is proper to himself. (4) Cfr. Adiutricem populi, 5 sept. 1895: ASS 15 (1895-96), p. 303. This union is experienced and continually maintained through the Eucharist. Funk, l, p. 244. dogm. (58) Giving the body unity through Himself and through His power and inner joining of the members, this same Spirit produces and urges love among the believers. (14) De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. (11) Pius XI, Litt. 302 (600-601) . I, Const.Dogm. S. Ambrosius, In Ps. 6-9 (10-13); Symb. Imitating the mother of her Lord, and by the power of the Holy Spirit, she keeps with virginal purity an entire faith, a firm hope and a sincere charity.(20*). They should sustain one another in grace throughout the entire length of their lives. When we look at the lives of those who have faithfully followed Christ, we are inspired with a new reason for seeking the City that is to come (274) and at the same time we are shown a most safe path by which among the vicissitudes of this world, in keeping with the state in life and condition proper to each of us, we will be able to arrive at perfect union with Christ, that is, perfect holiness. (16) Cfr. By divine Providence it has come about that various churches, established in various places by the apostles and their successors, have in the course of time coalesced into several groups, organically united, which, preserving the unity of faith and the unique divine constitution of the universal Church, enjoy their own discipline, their own liturgical usage, and their own theological and spiritual heritage. Placed by the grace of God, as God's Mother, next to her Son, and exalted above all angels and men, Mary intervened in the mysteries of Christ and is justly honored by a special cult in the Church. It is clear throughout that it is a question of the bishops acting in conjunction with their head, never of the bishops acting independently of the Pope. De Sacra Liturgia, n. 7 et n. 47. Encycl. 16:15), it may bring to all men that light of Christ which shines out visibly from the Church. (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. 264 et 234. 7: Denz. Origenes, In Matth. In this way, the whole Church, strengthened by each one of its members, may more effectively fulfill is mission for the life of the world. 14, 37: PL 45, 1015 s.: Non tantum continenti Dei donum est, sed coniugatorum etiam castitas. Benedictus XV, Epist. Dedicated to duties of charity and of administration, let deacons be mindful of the admonition of Blessed Polycarp: "Be merciful, diligent, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who became the servant of all."(75*). With love and solicitude Mother Church already embraces them as her own. Funk, I, p. 282. Rev. Rosweydus, Viqae Patrum, Antwerpiae 1628. The holy people of God shares also in Christ's prophetic office; it spreads abroad a living witness to Him, especially by means of a life of faith and charity and by offering to God a sacrifice of praise, the tribute of lips which give praise to His name. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Just as in the Gospel, the Lord so disposing, St. Peter and the other apostles constitute one apostolic college, so in a similar way the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter, and the bishops, the successors of the apostles, are joined together. Consequently, may every opportunity be given them so that, according to their abilities and the needs of the times, they may zealously participate in the saving work of the Church. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and Rom. dogm. Cone. 86, 4: PL 37, 1103. 983 (1820); Sess. Encycl. Cf. Having set forth the functions of the hierarchy, the Sacred Council gladly turns its attention. (44*), But when either the Roman Pontiff or the Body of Bishops together with him defines a judgment, they pronounce it in accordance with Revelation itself, which all are obliged to abide by and be in conformity with, that is, the Revelation which as written or orally handed down is transmitted in its entirety through the legitimate succession of bishops and especially in care of the Roman Pontiff himself, and which under the guiding light of the Spirit of truth is religiously preserved and faithfully expounded in the Church. summary. S Augustinus, Serm. 11:13; 1 Tim. (165) Bishops, teaching in communion with the Roman Pontiff, are to be respected by all as witnesses to divine and Catholic truth. Damascenus, Enc. Hom. (5) Cfr. : PG 48, 533 u. (14) The Church, which the Spirit guides in way of all truth(15) and which He unified in communion and in works of ministry, He both equips and directs with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns with His fruits. The supreme power in the universal Church, which this college enjoys, is exercised in a solemn way in an ecumenical council. Flor., Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. The order of bishops, which succeeds to the college of apostles and gives this apostolic body continued existence, is also the subject of supreme and full power over the universal Church, provided we understand this body together with its head the Roman Pontiff and never without this head. who in times past were not a people, but are now the people of God". Those opinions therefore may be lawfully retained which are propounded in Catholic schools concerning her, who occupies a place in the Church which is the highest after Christ and yet very close to us. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Jesus cannot be understood apart from the history of Israel. (125) On account of their fathers this people remains most dear to God, for God does not repent of the gifts He makes nor of the calls He issues. . Thus these religious are able to tranquilly fulfill and faithfully observe their religious profession and so spiritually rejoicing make progress on the road of charity. It was passed by 2,151 votes to 5 of present bishops. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43(1951) p. 28 8. S. Leo M., Epist. The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple (cf. Botte, pp. Encycl. Rather John XXIII believed it necessary for the Church to face the challenges of the modern world. Therefore, since they are tightly bound up in all types of temporal affairs it is their special task to order and to throw light upon these affairs in such a way that they may come into being and then continually increase according to Christ to the praise of the Creator and the Redeemer. IV, n. 16, cum notis 12 et 15. (10*). ON THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CHURCH AND IN PARTICULAR ON THE EPISCOPATE. "Because the bread is one, we though many, are one body, all of us who partake of the one bread". 72, a. Chapter 1: The Roles of Bishops in Lumen Gentium; pp. They should embue their offspring, lovingly welcomed as God's gift, with Christian doctrine and the evangelical virtues. 5, 19-20; 7, 21-22; 25 41-46; Iac., 2, 14. 1898: ASS 31 (1898-99) p. 11. This determination of power can consist in the granting of a particular office or in the allotment of subjects, and it is done according to the norms approved by the supreme authority. S. Thomas In 4m Sent., d. 45, q. 33. (13) Dieitur. Lumen Gentium is a powerful reminder to Catholics that the Church is a holy society, with necessary, visible structures that were instituted by Christ Himself. Fortified by so many and such powerful means of salvation, all the faithful, whatever their condition or state, are called by the Lord, each in his own way, to that perfect holiness whereby the Father Himself is perfect. Sixteen major documents were produced: two dogmatic and pastoral constitutions, nine decrees and three declarations. 35. Hartel, p. 696. (3) Videatur synthetiea espositi huius doctrinae paulinae in: Piu XII, Litt. Luke 4: 12-16 Jesus cleanses a Leper; Luke 6: 17-19 Jesus teaches and heals; Luke 6: 27-31 Love for enemies; Luke 9:1-6 The Mission of the Twelve. 3-16; Download Chapter 2: The Fate of Collegiality in the Postconciliar Church; pp. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. Trident., sess. (4*), II. (34) The Lord Himself compared Himself to the stone which the builders rejected, but which was made into the cornerstone. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 Oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), pp. . They must devote themselves with all their being to the glory of God and the service of their neighbor. 5, ad 1. (31) Cfr. 60. Lumen Gentium 1. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He might have the first place. Una Ecclesia per totum mundum in multa membra divisa .. Epist. (29), The Church is a piece of land to be cultivated, the tillage of God. Phil. (53) S. Thomas, Summa Theol. 23, cap. 3 in dorm. S.S.C.S. By the sacred anointing of the sick and the prayer of her priests the whole Church commends the sick to the suffering and glorified Lord, asking that He may lighten their suffering and save them;(106) she exhorts them, moreover, to contribute to the welfare of the whole people of God by associating themselves freely with the passion and death of Christ. The former is a danger; the latter, salvation" (1*). (234) Because the disciples must always offer an imitation of and a testimony to the charity and humility of Christ, Mother Church rejoices at finding within her bosom men and women who very closely follow their Saviour who debased Himself to our comprehension. Litt. 694 (1307) et Conc. (13) Cfr. 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