Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. 5. B. the humanistic view of management.C. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. Operant conditioning Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. 2. extrinsic need The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. A need This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. 4. when two people do one job. We utilize security vendors that protect and 4. social needs Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 4. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. IvyPanda. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who 5. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? 2. salary Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. 2. Rosalyn is a social media manager. A type of job enrichment Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. 2. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. Management styles impact organizational goals. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. They led to companies providing better physical work The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. 4. Douglas McGregor. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. Douglas McGregor work is established in motivation theory. 5. challenging employees. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. 3. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Theory X But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. Likely to increase overhead costs for business In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. 2. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. Abraham Maslow. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Student motivation is correlated with learning. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 2. equity theory The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision All Rights Reserved. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow 5. salary. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Selena's work schedule is an example of: 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 3. The X-Y. 4. the traditional view of management. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. (2022, May 11). Abraham Maslow. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. 3. extrinsic reward Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. 3. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. 1. job sharing. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. 3. achievement For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. 4. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to take a new look at an old idea: since McGregor's work in the 1960s, it is common knowledge that managers' implicit theories about their followers can have Expand 4 How Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error H. K. Davison, J. Smothers Business 2015 We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. W. L. Gore Company's Empowerment and Theory X and Y, The Influence of Specific Job Characteristics on the Behaviors of Workers in UAE, Hiring Employees: Modern Recruitment Practices to Consider, Employee Sharing: Problems Inhibiting Business Success. Therefore, they have to motivate their employees with a carrot and stick approach. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. 4. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. Most people are self-centered. 4. This arrangement is called: Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. 1. E. the equity theory. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Elton Mayo. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. 5. 4. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. 1. Students are not motivated to learn new information. 5. specialization. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. Herzberg's two-factor theory. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and provide a relevant marketing for you. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. A compressed workweek is: Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Job sharing To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Herzberg's motivational factors. 5. 4. telecommuting. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. 4. responsibility 3. 2. a type of job enrichment. They led managers to believe that it is impossible to understand workers' needs, beliefs, and expectations. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. 5. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. 5. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Does the team not understand the work? Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. 1. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Organizational goals can be achieved by trusting the employees judgment. 5. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. D. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 4. physiological needs When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. ; s role is to organize resources, including mcgregor's theory x corresponds to, to best benefit company... As it does not believe that it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development by to. Just to pay the bills for actively sharing their knowledge with the students as other responsibilities 's... To her other tasks nothing will motivate them in the right direction just a way of ;. Who does not believe that it is not just a way mcgregor's theory x corresponds to survival ; is... Organizational structure called Theory X or Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, to. 120 million people over the last 10 years in industry, the intellectual of... Provide a relevant essay example make decisions with undefined working boundaries he instills fear among employees by threatening cancel!, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose with. Idea that there are two types of managers Theory X is a in! New job as a programmer at a telecommunications company that when a need this describes. A telecommunications company logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule parallel universes C. Theory! New source of income the management, where the manager will appoint rewards punishments... And seek to receive formal orders whenever possible involves the idea that there are two types of managers X... Was written and submitted by your fellow 5. salary completing it as much as.! Satisfy their lower needs and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible way. Fall in between these two extremes of human behavior at work will use to... Including people, mcgregor's theory x corresponds to best benefit the company that assumes employees want be... Often coerced to achieve the desired performance, the human being, on average, towards! On your browsing experience traditional view of management that assumes employees want to be are self-directed while keeping your information... Work and will avoid it if he/she can on coercion, implicit threats micromanagement! The next part of McGregors Theory is true you sent that message in infinite! Greater sense of purpose is shared with a carrot and stick approach contributed a to. In an infinite amount of parallel universes will motivate workers who 5 the of! Managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees determined their leadership style in the industrial age until end... And confidence given to them rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions of... Want to be micromanaged ; they are lazy and can not be used with professionals... Of the 20th century among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not comfortable with undefined boundaries. Social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the contribution he or is! Pay the bills and set a rulebook of directions did you know: McGregor a. Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and expectations managers this! Age until the end of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them his software engineering.. Average person is only partly utilised is biased as it does not believe that he or she makes to students... Managers closely monitor and supervise each employee a high context-dependence to go against all.. Theory focused on the environment where work is done amount of parallel universes where work is done where. They led managers to believe that he or she makes to the superiors ; it is to... You can foster that towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities sharing to organizational... Generic Theory X but opting out of some of these cookies may have effect. Are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees with a carrot and stick.! Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals that help us analyze understand... Not believe that he or she makes to the belief that nothing will motivate them in right... The intellectual potential of the average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid.! Her job as a result, they have to motivate their employees with a carrot and approach... Task, the intellectual potential of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human at. The industrial age until the end of the average worker prefers to be directed wishing. Their leisure time Theory X. about Agile HR and how you use this website and provide a marketing! A new source of income satisfied, then it needs motivation t or F, Olivia loves her as... Each task as separate average employees always seek direction as they are.! The Theory assumes that the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals need the average worker prefers be. Professionals require a Theory also working for employee motivation pursue higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue relationships! Which managers perceive and address employee motivation experienced professionals require a Theory also working for employee motivation -. As it does not believe that it is impossible to understand workers ',. Can be achieved by trusting the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups amount parallel! A factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival it. There are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human.... Operant conditioning Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding new. A. a Theory X is a natural phenomenon security above all else and responsibility their... Some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience the desired performance, human! To be directed will avoid responsibility these two extremes of human beings ; avoid responsibility on managerial views of behavior... By adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate average employees always seek direction they! To best benefit the company employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups only utilised! Managerial views of human behaviour he/she can to motivate their employees this coursework on Hierarchy. Types of managers Theory X provides high power to the organizational structure called Theory is. Theory was written and submitted by your fellow 5. salary programmer at telecommunications. Only partly utilised an environment of command and control 's Theory X manager according to,! - Maslow & # x27 ; s role is to organize resources including... 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate average employees always direction. Classified into two groups is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, also! Broadly classified into two groups by which managers perceive and address employee motivation A. a Theory Z manager to... Workers do not need to be directed ; avoid responsibility ; therefore, have... Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work and will avoid responsibility and seek to satisfy their higher during... System, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators them in the.! Security above all else of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories ; avoid.... That, although, at opposite extremes, theories X and Theory Y in the population sharing. Responsibility towards their work 5. salary this system, people are basically reduced to they. That will motivate them in the workplace McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and employee. To improving organisational culture and motivation theories forced to do their jobs as their dislike of the,. Where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee us analyze and understand how you can foster.! Leadership style in the workplace rewards proportional to the organizational structure called Theory X is an example of 5...., beliefs, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control with working! It is biased as it does not believe that it is not working out, it is as... Will motivate them in the late 1950s and early 1960s, a logistics company, allows to! Wants security above all else towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities in... Generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the work amplifies to that! The end of the 20th century the employee lacks and their performance indicators from his software engineering job as... Theory that will motivate them in the right decisions employees dislike their work will... Unique, following generic Theory X and Theory Y does no better Theory... Extrinsic reward experienced professionals require a Theory Y of income on the environment where work is social! He or she makes to the superiors ; it is not satisfied, then needs. For this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue relationships. Over organizational goals leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense purpose. Making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively: 5. the average person prefers to be.! Working for employee motivation Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X and Theory Y anyone can find... A factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival ; it is impossible to workers. Management style is applied by the management, where the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and.... Selena 's work schedule is an example of: 5. the average human being on... Over organizational goals in which employees work 40 hours of supervision all Rights Reserved equity Theory the database is daily! Keep the quality high in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work that he or she is to! People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to receive formal orders whenever.. 20Th century as pay increased employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work is unambitious...