Chief Roger Longtoe, Sheehan of the Elnu Abenaki Tribe, sings a traditional Abenaki greeting song during a ceremony on Thursday at the Retreat Farm, in Brattleboro. In a letter sent by the Abnaki in 1721 to the governor of New England their divisions are given as follows: The following is a full list of Abnaki tribes: The bands residing on St Croix and St Johns Rivers, spoke a different dialect front those to the southward, and were known collectively as Etchimin. There are various explanations for the origin of the word Mikmaq, often centered around the concept of the family. The Aroostook Band received Federal Recognition in 1991 and has approximately 1,240 members in Maine, the majority of whom reside in Aroostook County. One tribe that made its home in this area was the Abenaki. The Abenaki People of the Northeast led a non-permanent exististance based mostly on the seasonal flux in the region. In both cases, the Abenaki tribe suffered severe defeats, further depleting their numbers. Abenaki. Some captives were adopted into the Mohawk and Abenaki tribes; older captives were generally ransomed, and the colonies carried on a brisk trade. The idea is that every group (family, band, tribe, etc.) The Western Abenaki lived in the Connecticut River Valley in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Study now. Although really a part of the Abnaki, they were frequently classed as a distinct body, while on the other hand the Pennacook tribes, although distinct front the Abnaki, were often classed with them on account of their connection daring the Indian wars and after their removal to Canada. Details A name used by the English and French of the colonial period to designate an Algonquian confederacy centering in the present state of Maine, and by the Algonquian tribes to include all those of their own stock resident on the Atlantic seaboard, more particularly the Abnaki in the north and the Delawares in the south. We succeeded. Today, the tribe has about 2,400 enrolled members. Location. The Abenaki live in the New England region of the United States and Quebec and the Maritimes of Canada, a region called Wabanaki ("Dawn Land") in the Eastern Algonquian languages. From that time the Abnaki formed an important factor in the history of the region now embraced in the state of Maine. In 1724 during Father Rale's War, the English took the principal Abenaki town in Maine, Norridgewock, and killed their Catholic missionary, Father Sbastien Rale, who had helped to instigate the war. 150.
2012-09-03 05:53:43. Each of the Wabanaki tribes has its own territory made up of reservation, trust and/or fee lands. Children born to a married couple belonged to the mother's clan, and her eldest brother was an important mentor, especially for boys. The Abenaki were traditionally allied with the French; during the reign of Louis XIV, Chief Assacumbuit was designated a member of the French nobility for his service. The mythical accounts of Norumbega3 of the early writers and navigators finally dwindled, a village of a few bark-covered huts under the name Agguncia, situated near the mouth of Penobscot River, in the country of the Abnaki. Visit their website . The Eastern Abenaki population was concentrated in portions of New Brunswick, Canada, and in Maine, east of New Hampshire's White Mountains. The Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation is nestled in N'dakinna (our homeland), the present-day Northeast Kingdom of Vermont. The Nulhegan Abenaki tribe is nestled among the lakes, rivers, and forests of N'dakinna's northern range and headquartered in the Northeast Kingdom at Barton, VT. We are one of the largest Abenaki Tribes still in existence today. FS Library Book: 970.2 Ab7im, Abenaki Indians: Their Treaties of 1713 and 1717, and a Vocabularty, with a Historical Introduction. Abenaki (or Abnaki) are people who live in Alaska and the United States. Corn (maize), beans, and squash were grown throughout the tribes home territory, albeit more intensively in its milder southern reaches. If youre curious and want to know more about this ancient, noteworthy tribe, keep reading! Reclaiming the Wantastegok name. They called themselves Wolastoqiyik People of the Beautiful River after the Wolastoq River at the heart of their territory and pursued a primarily agrarian economy. The Abenaki were in northern New Hampshire and the Pennacook The Abenaki people are a Native American tribe who have lived in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada for thousands of years. Motahkokmikuk is located 50 miles inland at Indian Township.
The Elnu are the smallest tribe about 60 members. According to Morgan they had fourteen gentes: According to Chauvignerie their principal totems were the pigeon and the bear, while they also had the partridge, beaver, and otter totems. The Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Malecite, however, remained in their ancient homes, and in 1749 the Penobscot, as the leading tribe, made peace with the English, accepting fixed bounds. The Penobscot Reservation consists of 4,866 acres of land that includes Indian Island and an additional 200 islands in the Penobscot River. In Canada in 2007 there were 10 fluent speakers of Western Abenaki on the Odanak Reserve, and there were four Western Abenaki . They are one of the Algonquian-speaking peoples of northeastern North America. Tribal members are working to revive the Abenaki language at Odanak (means "in the village"), a First Nations Abenaki reserve near Pierreville, Quebec, and throughout New Hampshire, Vermont and New York state. Upcoming Events in Truro. The Abenaki view stories as having lives of their own and being aware of how they are used. The Sokoki (the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi) are located along the Missisquoi River (Masipskiwibi) in northwestern Vermont, with tribal headquarters in Swanton. Although each was an individual tribe, they spoke the same language and were collectively known as the Abenaki people. The Abenaki are one of the five members of the Wabanaki Confederacy. The ceremony was to reveal a sign on Route 30 bearing the original name of the area, Wantastegok, a place the Sokoki Abenaki called home for 12,000 . Not withstanding Vetromiles statement to the contrary, if Mauraults assertion 4 applies to this tribe, as seems evident, they, like most other tribes, were guilty of torturing their prisoners, except in the case of females, who were kindly treated. .
Elnu Abenaki Tribe Roger Longtoe Sheehan . Our cultures and languages are alive and well. According to Don Stevens, chief of the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation, 1980: President Carter signed a bill granting Passamaquoddy and Penobscot millions in restitution for the loss of their homelands. The Abenaki (or Abnaki) are a tribe of Native American and First Nations people, one of the Algonquian-speaking peoples of northeastern North America. . View visitor information, information about the collection and read reviews. These rings are the outward and visible sign of the unity of this couple. The Abenaki interacted with a variety of European visitors during the 16th century; at that time, French, Basque, and English fishermen routinely traversed the North Atlantic to access the great schools of fish found on the Grand Banks. The Iroquois called them Owenunga, which seems to be merely a modification of Abnaki, or Abnaqui, the name applied by the French and used by most modern writers. Kwakiutl: A Collection of Legends from the Northwest Coast. The Abenakis are original natives of the New England area which includes Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. The Sokoki-St. Francis Band of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at Swanton, Vermont. Well known Leaders: Massasoit, son of Massasoit Metacom (King Phillip), Samoset, Abenaki NationP.O. Instead, the Abenaki tribe shared all their land according to who most needed it. Location: New England; Southeastern Quebec. Since these earliest occupations nearly 13,000 years ago, Native communities have continually lived in Vermont. Historical territories of Western Abenaki tribes, c.17th century, Statue of Keewakwa Abenaki Keenahbeh in Opechee Park in Laconia, New Hampshire (standing at 36 ft.), Flag of St. Francis/Sokoki Band of Abenaki, Gender, food, division of labor, and other cultural traits. They also took turns owning land according to the time of year, season, or family customs. One summer, visitors arrived that would change our way of life forever. Polygamy was practiced but little, and the marriage ceremony was of the simplest character; presents were offered, and on their acceptance marriage was consummated. Today, the four Maine Indian tribes are the Maliseet, Micmac, Penobscot, and Passamaquoddy, known collectively as the Wabanaki, "People of the Dawnland." Each community maintains its own tribal government, community schools, cultural center and each manages its respective lands and natural resources. Passamaquoddy Their chief deities were Kechi Niwaskw and Machi Niwaskw, representing, respectively, the good and the evil; the former, they believed, resided on an island in the Atlantic; Machi Niwaskw was the more powerful. FINDINGS. Maurault 1 says: Some English authors have called these savages Wabnoak, those of the east; this is the reason they are called Abenaki by some among us. 1524: French expediton led by Giovanni da Verranzano was early recorded contact with non Indians. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They are an Algonquian-speaking people and part of the Wabanaki Confederacy.The Eastern Abenaki language was predominantly spoken in Maine, while the Western Abenaki language was spoken in Quebec, Vermont, and New Hampshire.. Abenaki people living in traditional territory in northern New England today include extended family bands who have remained in their traditional places such as the Lake Champlain Valley (Betobagw), Lake Memphramagog (Memlawbagw), the Connecticut River Valley (Kwinitekw), and the White Mountains (Wbiadenak); citizens of the Odanak and Wolinak Vermont granted recognition of the council the same year, but later withdrew it. The Abenaki were a large group living in the areas of the Saco, During the European colonization of North America, the land occupied by the Abenaki was in the area between the new colonies of English in Massachusetts and the French in Quebec. Maliseet The Western Abenaki mainly lived in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Quebec. The Passamaquoddy Tribe has two reservations in Washington County, Pleasant Point and Indian Township. At the same time the Malecite, or Amalicite, were numbered at 801 in several villages in New Brunswick and Quebec, with about 625 Penobscot and Passamaquoddy in Maine. Although each Passamaquoddy reservation maintains its own government, the governing bodies of the two reservations come together to form the Joint Tribal Council. While the Abenaki were once proud and numerous people stretching across two provinces and five states and numbering upwards of 40,000 people, there are now fewer than 8,000 of Abenaki descent. The Finally, the Maritime Abenaki lived mostly in Maine and southern New Brunswick. Since that period the different tribes have gradually dwindled into insignificance. Their traditional land is along the river, extending to its outlet at Lake Champlain. Missisquoi Abenaki Tribe The Missisquoi Abenaki Tribe is a state-recognized tribe in Vermont, [5] who claim descent from Abenaki people, specifically the Missiquoi people. Translated into English, their name means People of the Dawnland because of their eastern origins. The Abenaki engaged in a diversified economy that included hunting, fishing, horticulture, and gathering wild plant foods; the proportion of each activity varied depending on a given bands proximity to the Atlantic coast. A large share of the nearly 8,700 members of the four Wabanaki tribes in Maine reside in Aroostook and Washington counties the northern and eastern portions of the state in what are among the most economically challenged counties in the country. The Abenaki live in Quebec and the Maritimes of Canada and in the New England region of the United States, a region called Wabanahkik ("Dawn Land") in the Eastern Algonquian languages. Other neighboring Wabanaki tribes, the Mi'kmaq, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), and Pestomuhkati (Passamaquoddy), and other Eastern Algonquian languages share many linguistic similarities. Unfortunately, the Abenaki sided with the French during the French and Indian War and the Wampanoag tribe during King Philips War. MALSUMIS. This page has been viewed 32,925 times (5,921 via redirect). Sipayik overlooking the ocean is at Pleasant Point. This became larger group became known as the Wabanaki Confederacy. Due to this pressure, more Abenaki emigrated to the settlement on the St. Francis River. Home Abenaki Tribes and Organizations June 30, 2019 SmartEgg2 Post in Abenaki Tribes and Organizations, Uncategorized
Office Location: 6 Church St. Nashua, NH. Who these Indians were is unknown. As the French and English colonial systems developed in the 17th century, the Abenaki became involved in the fur trade, exchanging beaver and other pelts for imported goods such as metal tools and glass beads. We also accept donations of fresh and non-perishable food throughout the year. This name was given them because they were toward the east with reference to the Narragansett.. Where do the Abenaki Indians live? Here is a map showing the location of the Cowasuck, Sokoki, Missisquoi, and Norridgewock bands of Abenaki Indians. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Tribal Chief and Vice-Chief with six council members comprise the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Tribal Government and governing body. Research & Policy. Abenaki. Native Tech Usui Reiki Training Level 2: In-Person; The Abenaki culture was unlike any other Native American culture at the time. Below are links to the Maine tribes; search online for links to the Wabanaki in Canada: If you have a hearing or speech disability, follow the link below to access Maine's TDD/TTY Relay Service: Together, the two groups have historically covered areas from Lake Champlain in Quebec to parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the United States. One of the stories is of Azban the Raccoon. At least 1,700 Vermonters claim to be direct descendants of the several indigenous Native American peoples, now known as Western Abenaki tribes, who originally inhabited all of Vermont and New Hampshire, parts of western Maine, parts of southern Quebec, and parts of upstate New York . In their fields, they planted the crops in groups of "sisters". Traditional Abenaki social organization consisted of relatively small kin-based bands led by a civil chief who advised the group and facilitated consensus-based decision making; there was usually a separate war chief. Approximately 400 Abenaki reside on these two reserves, which cover a total area of less than 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi). Children were not to be mistreated, and so instead of punishing the child, they would be told a story. Traditionally, Abenaki men kept their hair long and loose. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A confederacy of Native American tribes, the Abenaki traditionally lived in what are now southern Quebec in Canada and Vermont and New Hampshire, as well as parts of Maine and New York, in the United States. The present Penobscot say they number between 300 and 400, while the Passamaquoddy claim as many as 800 souls. The Passamaquoddy are a Native people whose territory is centered on the St. Croix River watershed, covering much of what is now northeastern Maine and western New Brunswick. Later the confederacy included some tribes as far south as present-day Delaware. In truth, they were Native Americans fighting to regain their ancestral lands. There are also videos in this channel for many more East Coast Tribes, Elders & Peoples and for over 240 other Nor. Abenaki Maliseet Return to American Indians for Children
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The Abenaki were heavily missionized by French Jesuits in the late 1600s. Included in the Wabanaki Confederacy were other tribes that spoke a dialect similar to Abenaki, known as Algonquian. However, while they didnt intentionally do anything at first to push the Abenaki tribe out of the New England states, they inadvertently brought European diseases along with them. They can be dropped off. The Penobscot are a sovereign people indigenous to what is now Atlantic Canada and the northeastern United States, primarily Maine. Other less major, but still important, parts of their diet included game and fish from hunting and fishing, and wild plants. [5] Contents 1 Name 2 State-recognition 3 Nonprofit organization Abenaki refers to the collection of several different tribes, including the Ossipee, Sokoki, Winnipesaukee, Penacook, Pigwacket, and Cowasuck. Maine's TDD/TTY Relay Service. Berries, nuts, mushrooms, maple syrup, and a variety of medicinal plants were among the wild plant foods exploited by the tribe. Your review helps other people learn about great and less great museums. 1600'S: Their villages raided by the Iroquois. Abenaki, also spelled Abnaki or Wabanaki, Algonquian -speaking North American Indian tribe that united with other tribes in the 17th century to furnish mutual protection against the Iroquois Confederacy. The .gov means its official. When he married, he would attach the hair of the scalp with a piece of leather and shave all but the ponytail. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? The name Passamaquoddy is an Anglicization of the word Peskotomuhkati, which literally means pollock spearer or those of the place where pollock are plentiful, recognizing the importance of fishing as a source of food and economy. Toby Talbot/AP Images. https:// The site is secure. The curriculum was designed for grades 4-8 and is divided into four sections. If there was not total understanding, the debate would stop until there was understanding. Abnaki Tribe, Abnaki Indians, Abenaki Indians, Abenaqui Tribe, Abenaqui Indians. The Eastern Abenaki population was concentrated in portions of Maine east of New Hampshire's White Mountains. As a result of this influence, the Abenaki allied with the French against the English in the colonizers competition for indigenous trade and territory. This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 19:56. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the Elnu Abenaki Tribe. The Abenaki settled in the Sillery region of Quebec between 1676 and 1680, and subsequently, for about twenty years, lived on the banks of the Chaudire River near the falls, before settling in Odanak and Wlinak in the early eighteenth century. Policies Because of this, the Abeanki tribe flourished before European exploration. . Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Native American tribes
1600's: Fur trading began with the French and English. The Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi mission is to engage in efforts which will promote and sustain a strong, healthy, and united community for the members of the Abenaki Nation. The Wabanki Confederacy could withstand attacks from the Iroquois and Mohawk people. . As noted above, facing annihilation, many Abenaki had begun emigrating to Canada, then under French control, around 1669. (Wbnaki, from wbn, a term associated with light, white, and refers to the morning and the east; a`ki earth, land; hence Wbnaki is an inanimate singular term signifying eastland, or morning-land, the elements referring to animate dwellers of the east being wanting.Jones). Feedback Survey, Vermont Commission on Native American Affairs, The Elnu Abenaki Tribe was acknowledged through State Recognition on April 22, 2011, The Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe acknowledged through State Recognition on April 22, 2011, The Koasek Traditional Band of the KoasAbenaki Nation was acknowledged through State Recognition on May 7, 2012, Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi was acknowledged through State Recognition on May 7, 2012. The tribe or clan would then have to agree together. The last known Penobscot speaker of Eastern Abenaki died in the 1990s. Trust lands, which include reservations, are parcels that are owned and controlled by the tribes but placed under trust protection by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Mikmaq are a First Nations people, indigenous to Maine, Atlantic Canada and the Gasp Peninsula of Quebec. The Legendary Drinking Habit of Winston Churchill, Robert Wadlow, The Tallest Person Man To Ever Live, What Life Was Like for Children in Ancient Rome, How Killing Sparrows Led to Great Famines in China, Why was the Italian Army so Ineffective During WW2. Unlike the Iroquois, the Abenaki were patrilineal. The state noted that many Abenaki had been assimilated, and only small remnants remained on reservations during and after the French and Indian War, later eugenics projects further decimated the Abenaki people of America. Very little information is known about these gens or they no longer exist. For several, there are instructions such as "All stand while it is sung" or "All Stand to Show Respect.". These contributions by native American Abenaki peoples went largely unreported. The Abenaki also built long houses similar to those of the Iroquois. Location. The Abenaki hold on to their traditions and ways of life in several ways. Visit them in person or go to their websites! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Pennacook lived along the Merrimack River in southern New Hampshire. The name Penobscot comes from panawahpskek, "the place of the white rocks," or "where the rocks widen." Micmac Date/Time: Saturday, March 25, 2023 - 10:00am to 2:00pm. They brought with them different technologies and philosophies, and we were forced to make a choice: adapt and survive, or resist and perish. Before European exploration into the United States, the Abenaki were a flourishing people group. In June of 2020 the tribes in Maine (Aroostook Band of Micmac, Houlton Band of Maliseet, Passamaquoddy Tribe and Penobscot Nation) formed the Wabanaki Alliance. Required fields are marked *. The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation.They are one of the Algonquian-speaking peoples of northeastern North America. Odanak First Nation does not recognize any of Vermont's Abenaki tribes. In order to cement relations between bands and with other tribes, the Abenaki engaged in a form of institutionalized comradeship that united two men for life in ritual brotherhood. The geography of the region in which they lived dictated the lifestyle and culture of the Abenaki tribe. The form Openango has been used more especially to designate the eastern tribes. If you have any questions, please feel free to send an email to: [email protected]. . In Canada, the Abenaki south-central and southeastern Quebec. 1756-1763 Seven Years' War or French and Indian War, 1776-----: During the Revolutionary War the St. Francis Abenaki served with the British; the Panobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Micmac supported the colonists, Migration into Canada as Vermont denied land to the Abenaki, 1805: The British gave land to the Abenaki (Canada). While they didnt have a centralized government, they operated as a cohesive people that relied on the integrity and honor of their fellow tribe members. The Abenaki (Abenaki: Wpnahki) are an Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands of Canada and the United States. The name Abenaki comes from a word meaning "dawn-land people" or "people from the east". Your email address will not be published. Population estimates indicated some 14,000 Mi'kmaq descendants in the early 21st century. The homes there were bark-covered wigwams shaped in a way similar to the teepees of the Great Plains Indians. Each tribe had a war chief, and also a civil chief whose duty it was to preserve order, though this was accomplished through advice rather than by command. They used the rejected and superfluous fish to fertilize their fields, one or two fish being placed near the roots of the plant. Note that the Tribal ID Card Application Form below is for those who are already enrolled in the tribe. Individual tribe members didnt own property, land, or many belongings. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Visit their website , The Passamaquoddy Tribe has two reservations in Washington County. The modernized spiritual version has the man with a girlfriend tying his hair and braiding it. Their houses or wigwams were conical in form and covered with birch-bark or with mats, and families occupied a single dwelling. 851 is amended to read: 851. We chose to learn from our surroundings and incorporate these new teachings, in order to keep our traditions alive for future generations. They built complex societies, developed rich cultural traditions, and adapted to the changing . Rath Eastlink Community Centre, 625 Abenaki Road,Truro,NS,Canada, Truro, Canada . The Abenaki language is one of many indigenous languages in American which is currently in jeopardy of being lost forever. Discover all museums in Odanak. While the Wabanaki Confederacy was disbanded in 1862, the Mikmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot nations still exist and remain closely aligned, in part because all peoples claiming Wabanaki lineage have forbearers from multiple Wabanaki and colonial ancestries. The Nulhegan are located in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, with tribal headquarters in Brownington, and the Elnu Abenaki are located in southeastern Vermont with tribal headquarters in Jamaica, Vermont.
This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:17. The Abenaki tribe is often divided into three groups: Eastern, Western, and Maritime. Instead of having permanent chiefs in charge of their collective tribe, the Abenaki consisted of small bands or clans with their civil chief. NCSL's experts are here to answer your questions and give you unbiased, comprehensive information as soon as you need it . Today, there are four State Recognized Western Abenaki Tribes within Vermont and two First Nations Status Tribes of Canada. We are still here. Location The homeland of the Abenaki, which they call Ndakinna (our land), extended across most of northern New England, southern Quebec, and the southern Canadian Maritimes. Thank you! When Europeans first came to the New World in the 1500s, they had little impact on the Abenaki tribe. Many Maliseets refer to themselves as Wolastoqiyik, "people of the Saint John River." Location: New England; Southeastern Quebec Language: Algonquian Eastern Abenaki: Penobscot and Passamaquoddy (two largest tribes), Houlton, Maliseet, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Ossipee, and Pigwacket. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Abnaki - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Abenaki - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Abenaki. The Abenaki ( or Abnaki) are a tribe of Native American and First Nations people, one of the Algonquian -speaking peoples of northeastern North America. The Western Abenaki mainly lived in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Quebec. Two returning Abenaki war parties engaged the English, who withdrew after a 10-hour battle. The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800: War, Migration, and the Survival of an Indian People (Volume 197) (The Civilization of the American Indian Series): Calloway, Colin G.: 9780806125688: Amazon.com: Books Books Politics & Social Sciences Social Sciences Buy used: $15.87 FREE delivery March 3 - 10. Go on to American Indian names
An anecdote from this period tells the story of a warrior named Nescambuit, who killed more than 140 enemies of King Louis XIV of France and received the rank of knight. The Wabanakis include the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac, and Abenaki peoples. Share Invite. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. Yet they were implacable enemies and, as Maurault states, watched for opportunities of revenge, as did other Indians. Eastern Abenaki: Penobscot and Passamaquoddy (two largest tribes), Houlton, Maliseet, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Ossipee, and Pigwacket. These two Abenaki reserves continue to grow and develop. were allied with the Maliseet of New Brunswick, Canada, under the Thank you.
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