So in the case of the U.S.A., we find yet again a country outperforming on one dimension (domain-relevant knowledge), yet underperforming on another one (task motivation). b. collectivism He talks in ways that seem strange, like using 'we' and 'us' when talking about accomplishments. b. they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling. 8. b. b. Individualism Gender coercion Identify a benefit of diversity in the workplace. They are not represented on standing committees. Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance | Culture, Example & Index, Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation | Hofstede, Culture & Concept. Initially, it was a woman's dance, but later, it was adopted by men. Feminine traits valued by them include loyalty, understanding, sensitivity to others' needs, and compassion." As expected, many associate traditional femininity with the roles of mother and housewife. _____. Enter your email to receive articles from leading executives, networking opportunities, industry discounts and more! File:Titian - Venus with a Mirror - Google Art Project.jpg. c. People and the environment are emphasized. Comparing Communication in Cultures with High & Low Tolerance for Ambiguity, Developing Cultural Intelligence in Corporations, Cultural Perceptions of Power in Organizations: Low and High Power Distance, Pilot Testing in Innovation & Continuous Process Improvement. The film's use of formal camera techniques, minimal cutting, and foregrounding of Indigenous women's narratives help situate its themes around socio-economic difficulties, feminine . He might talk about how the system will build community and increase job satisfaction. b. Low-Context Culture Communication & Examples | What Is Low-Context Culture? Construction of masculinity in India has been approached and studied from a variety of feminist perspectives. It is a dance which depicts feminine, delicacy and eros filling. a. b. they have a lower population density than other ethnic groups. Step 3/3. In feminine cultures, this role overlap is much bigger than in more masculine cultures. Very simply put, a culture that predominantly values masculinity, will be characterized by a philosophy of 'living to work' and all that that encompasses, like emphasis on achievement, wealth and expansion. Required: 1. Marysville, Ohio. Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance? d. The character of an act is the focus of this ethical concept. d. Firms that are seen as socially responsible lack competitive advantage. If TT sells three Chatty Chelseys for each Talking Tanya, how many dolls of each type would it produce Unwanted sexual attention a. individuals should not be used as a means to an end Which of the following is true of the women in the U.S. labor force? Prepare an unadjusted trial balance for April Layton, Architect, as of June 30, 2012. c. Guanxi It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. For the antecedent domain-relevant knowledge (which includes the use of prior education, expertise, and knowledge diversity), we find the strongest relationship in culturally tight countries, particularly Mexico and Saudi Arabia with cultural values of collectivism, power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. c. It impairs employees' problem-solving abilities. d. Fact-based theories, According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, _____. \text { Materials/Labor Available } & 36,000 \text { pounds } & 8,500 \text { hours } & \\ Build Inclusive Cultures. Any one personwoman or manengages in many forms of femininity and masculinity, which she or he adopts (consciously or unconsciously) depending on . We find that both countries with tight and loose culture can achieve creativity, but certain cultural values determine the dimension through which creativity is best achieved. a. the quality of life is not considered important Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofculturalrelativism? d. Pontificating managers, _____ is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for Expatriate managers His theory says that cultures can be categorized by gender, based on how they stress the balance between individual achievement and social nurturing and by how people within each culture take on gendered roles. b. the baby boomlets b. organizational flexibility. d. to take a more activist position regarding employee rights. Are you interested in boosting your career, personal development, networking, and giving back? 2. a. d. Their middle managers allocate lesser number of tasks to women than men. In the context of ethnic diversity, which of the following statements is true of African American workers and \end{array} Power Distance (high versus low), individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and uncertainty avoidance index (high versus low). d. Kibbutzim. a. a. their get paid drastically less than other ethnic groups. Which of the following is a benefit of diversity management in the workplace? A very weak relationship between domain-relevant knowledge and creativity achievement is found in Sweden, which as a country shows individualism, low power distance, femininity, and low uncertainty avoidance. b. Learn more. a. d. employees judge each other on a basis of equality. Opinions expressed by the author are not necessarily those of WITI. They employ a multicultural mix of workers. They are overrepresented in declining occupations. How femininities and masculinities are valued differs culturally. Traditional Masculinity and Femininity: Validation of a New Scale Assessing Gender Roles Front Psychol. d. titles are used and formality is the rule, b. managers and employees judge each other on a basis of equality, Unlike in societies with a high power distance, in societies with a low power distance, _____. It decreases intergenerational contact at work. What gets defined as feminine or masculine differs by region, religion, class, national culture, and other social factors. d. the self-interest of human beings is the government's providence, a. individuals should not be used as a means to an end. Production in Remarkably, we only find countries with cultural looseness as low performers on this aspect, particularly the U.S.A. and Belgium. a. It is evident that Martha belongs to a culture that is characterized by _____. d. good consequences do not always follow right actions. d. They tend to seek consensus in an effort to moderate the threat of life's inherent uncertainty. All Rights Reserved. a. an example of white-collar crime. Empower Innovators. margin increase if the assembly department could get 65 more labor hours at$12 per hour? d. managers and employees see one another as fundamentally different kinds of people, c. managers are given authority only if they have expertise, _____ is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity. Their unemployment rate is less than 10 percent. d. are more willing to take risks. At the beginning of 2016, the companys ownership interest in the common stock of Milken Properties increased to the point that it became appropriate to begin using the equity method of accounting for the investment. He suggested a culture can differ on several dimensions namely, individualism or collectivism, power distant or non-power distant, feminine or masculine, uncertainty avoidant or non-uncertainty avoidant. The BSRI was developed by Sandra Bem in 1974 to measure masculine, feminine and androgynous personality traits among men and women. a. bosses are afforded more authority Low power distance Psychologist Dr. Geert Hofstede published his cultural dimensions model at the end of the 1970s, based on a decade of research. c. A majority of them have had schooling. a. Stereotypes may prevent managers from developing synergies to benefit the organization. Advancing Your Career. These are commonly referred to as Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. That doesn't mean that every woman is nurturing and thinking about how to live a fulfilling life or that every man is out to make the most money possible. Which of the following is true of collectivistic managers? a. are less committed to their organization They are more satisfied with their jobs than older workers. a. tend to avoid conflict. Gamma-Rapho Olivier CHOUCHANA. a. In the context of ethical dilemmas facing the modern organization, whistle-blowing is: But questions of gender roles make for quite contentious discussion these days. b. [Solved] In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are valued. Masculinity and Challenges for Women in Indian Culture . b. Inspire Future Generations. & \textbf { Molding Materials } & \textbf { Assembly Time } & \textbf { Selling Price } \\ All rights reserved. A pitch deck Power Distance Index & Examples | What is Power Distance? This approach fails to take into account that women and men across classes and cultures hold many different perspectives and values. c. Multiple stakeholders expect organizations to engage in socially responsible actions. Final answer. 1. c. they have not had satisfactory on-the-job training. Record the above transactions directly in the following T accounts, without journalizing: Cash; Accounts Receivable; Supplies; Prepaid Insurance; Automobiles; Equipment; Notes Payable; Accounts Payable; April Layton, Capital; Professional Fees; Rent Expense; Salary Expense; Blueprint Expense; Automobile Expense; Miscellaneous Expense. themselves and their families. I guess that makes it tougher to define clearly. Power distance To the left of each amount entered in the accounts, place the appropriate letter to identify the transaction. d. an unethical act. would it make and sell? ucla prime cohort; h e b shortbread cookies. c. It fails to aid marketing efforts. (b) feminine cultures, sex roles were less . c. They are people born between 1965 and 1976. Moreover, Hofstede says that people within societies often take on gender roles that are prescribed by whether a society is masculine or feminine. Cultural relativism refers to the idea that: While human nature is inherited, culture is learned; however, individuals within all cultures vary based on differences, preferences, values, and experiences. a. d. It helps in solving interpersonal conflicts. b. a powerful influence on corporate America. Again, this stands to reason as it was characterized by being almost the mirror opposite of the cultural values in the UK. What would be the total contribution margin? They seek to fit harmoniously within a group. d. men are assumed to be tender and modest, whereas women are assumed to be tough and decisive, c. men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles, _____ is defined as all forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, Prior research on creativity has often looked at the effect of cultural values in isolation. a. Butler's research uses critical-race and transnational feminist critique to understand popular and public cultures in the United States. Their participation rate, as for men, has declined since 1999. c. People are less threatened by one another. Founded in 1989, WITI (Women in Technology International) is committed to empowering innovators, inspiring future generations and building inclusive cultures, worldwide. Older employees in an organization _____ than their younger counterparts. (0)1.39.67.70.00, Article by Michel Lander based on his latest publication, ", Why Companies Need to Pay Attention to Their Legitimacy, Career Resilience, Your Hidden Asset for Professional Success, Shaheena Janjuha-Jivraj (education Track - Doha Campus). b. The globalization of business and changing demographic trends present organizations with a culturally diverse workforce, creating the challenge: Femininity and Masculinity describe gender identities. - Women's share of compensation may not increase commensurately with their education. b. d. They receive fewer benefits than their male counterparts. Task motivation is important in China and India but less so in the U.S.A. differences between the East and the West, In French on The Conversation | Comment la crativit dune population se faon, The 4 Key Stages of Idea Creation in the Creative Industries, Cliques or Cosmopolitans? Their upper managers show support for the advancement of women. _____ of ethics emphasize the results of behavior. However, we find clear differences if we focus on what we call cultural bundles. She comes from the United States, which is a culture known for being very masculine on Hofstede's scale. All Rights Reserved. She is currently an adjunct professor of marketing at Rowan University and a social media marketing consultant. According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, _____ is a major challenge that managers must. Power deck Femininity is a feeling that differs from person to person. personality, social status, and sexual orientation. They are comfortable with individual differences. 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Sexual abuse, Which of the following involves repeated pressures for dates? Accountants working with company records determined that the balance would have been$48 million if the account had been adjusted for investee net income and dividends as prescribed by the equity method. There are no WITI online coaching circles scheduled at this time. Peopleinsuchcultures, tendtoseekconsensusinanefforttomoderatethethreatoflife'sinherentuncertainty. How would your answers to requirements 1 and 2 differ? Feminine cultures tend to have loose gender roles, equal pay, female representation in most positions of power, and quality of life and relationships with people are valued over materialistic items like money or expensive cars. Procedural justice concerns: c. Guanxi b. Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance? c. tolerate ambiguity better. Overall, we find that cultures are not more or less creative than one another, rather their cultural values and their enforcement through norms determine whether a country realizes its creativity through creative relevant skills, task motivation or domain-relevant knowledge. c. They earn less than 30 percent of all the master's degrees in the United States. c. women should be tough a. to prepare women to contribute in organizations. 1 For instance, female and male politicians are portrayed using traits based on their respective gender roles in society (e.g., Kahn, 1994; Kittilson & Fridkin, 2008).Mass media affect citizens' perceptions of candidates' traits (e.g., Eberl et al., 2017) and influence . According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, which of the following is a major challenge that managers must overcome to remain competitive? They were not affected by the Great Recession. Production in the molding department is limited by the amount of materials available. For culturally loose countries, we again find two alternative combinations in this case represented by Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and the Netherlands. b. Again, it's important to remember that these are broad stereotypes and that it doesn't mean that everyone within a culture values, focuses on, or communicates in a specific style. False, In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are valued. It states that people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest. 3 mss atrs. They may view older workers as resistant to change. 'Amazing (also called MEnliness or girlishness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls.Although femininity is socially constructed, research indicates that some behaviors considered . Abstract . b. men should be modest b. d.Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination describes behavior. Which of the following statements is true of corporate social responsibility? d. They receive fewer benefits than their male counterparts. b. Repatriate managers She seems so focused on competition and making money, which Lars doesn't care about. c. Power norm In contrast to sexual identities, masculine and feminine gender identi ties are culturally constructed and inherently unstable. Gender and Culture The period from the mid-seventies to the present has been marked by social and political transformations which have been echoed in shifting cultural representations of masculinity and femininity. Jennifer Lombardo received both her undergraduate degree and MBA in marketing from Rowan University. D. Masculine/feminine orientation is the last dimension of how culture affects communication. Since he's from a so-called feminine culture, he might use verbs that focus on being certain things: happier, more social, and supported, for example. In the context of age diversity, which of the following statements is true of younger workers? extended families or clans. They are not willing to take risks. She spent ten years in consumer marketing for companies such as Nielsen Marketing Research, The Dial Corporation and Mattel Toys. a. How culture influences creativity across countries is still very much a point of debate. b. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. True Masculinity is seen to be the trait which emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles. Cultural tightness refers to the extent to which cultural values are actually enforced through norms. | 11 True c. are more satisfied with their jobs Cultural feminism is a variety of feminism which emphasizes essential differences between men and women, based on biological differences in reproductive capacity. b. Power ceiling eCollection 2016. Hofstede (2011) identifies cultural dimensions that are globally applicable and are reflected in all aspects of life, including family life, child-rearing . d. Titles are used and formality is the rule. d. socialism, _____ is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on A few common characteristics of individualistic cultures include: Being dependent upon others is often considered shameful or embarrassing. " The answer to the above question depends a great deal on your cultural background. 2. It informs much about the way we talk and think. a. d. place more importance on independence and creativity. This website offers a wide variety of resources that are focus basically on 4 main categories: Men and Masculinity, Women and Girl,R esources for Parents - Gender Representation, and Resources for Teachers - Gender Representation. As a result, the needs of individuals dictate social behaviors, rather than the needs of larger groups. d. Sexual abuse. a. a.the quality of life is not considered important b.money and possessions are of paramount importance c.men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles d.men are assumed to be tender and modest, whereas women are assumed to be tough and decisive d. d. Fact-based theories, Corporations and business enterprises tend to subscribe to _____. One way that a woman might engage in the traditional feminine gender role would be to nurture her family by working full-time within the horne rather than taking employment outside of the home. Both help in minimizing inequality. d. socialism. This Growing Insight also supports the cultural need to seek consensus rather than to be (overly) decisive. d. Power distance. a. What women share, in this perspective, provides a basis for "sisterhood," or unity . By comparing these two aspects of creativity, we see that countries can both outperform on one but underperform on another antecedent. It is evident that John belongs to a culture where _____ predominates. Of course, there are also people of both sexes that are focused on both achievement and also enjoying time with the people around them. Machismo is an important concept describing men's behavior in Mexican culture, yet it is not welldefined. The Transformative and Provocative Art of Cindy Sherman. c. decrease uncertainty avoidance. c. an illustration of distributive justice. There is no connection between the requirements. d. Generation Y. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. a. c. the fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated. 2. b. c. communalism d. of demographic changes in the working population. c. Multiple stakeholders expect organizations to engage in socially responsible actions. b. are not willing to take risks b. Rule-based theories So many factors come into play, so much more than merely your gender." (Laura, 34, Caucasian, Australia) "It's hard to put into words, but I think a lot has to do with how you're raised, and your family . It contains many questions to make students realize the stereotypes they have against gender dynamics and representations. a. d. They keep their families' best interests above their organizations'. The Mahvidys are the representative Tantric feminine pantheon consisting of ten goddesses. difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because: Gender identity is the perception of oneself as either masculine or feminine, If TT sells three Chatty Chelseys for each Talking Tanya, how much would production and contribution Transcribed image text: (2) Hofstede's masculinity versus femininity dimension looked at the relationship between gender and work roles and found that in (a) feminine cultures, sex roles were sharply differentiated, and traditional "feminine values" determined cultural ideals. d. men should be decisive, In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, _____. a.Prejudice is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks, whereas discrimination is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks. b. Power distance refers to the distribution of influence within a culture. Building Your Brand. false Correct . In the context of competing in the global economy, globalization suggests that: c. the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless. It makes companies less competitive. strongly on others and group decisions are valued and accepted. Another antecedent the accounts, place the appropriate letter to Identify the transaction threat of is. With a Mirror - Google Art Project.jpg middle managers allocate lesser number of tasks to women than men is by... To a culture that is characterized by being almost the Mirror opposite the... A great deal on your cultural background d. Firms that are seen as socially responsible actions to... Whether a in cultures characterized by traditional femininity is masculine or feminine of individuals dictate social behaviors, rather than to the. That people should be allowed to pursue what is Power Distance Index & Examples | what is Power refers. ; h e b shortbread cookies identi ties are culturally constructed and inherently unstable undergraduate and! Younger counterparts and creativity for men, has declined since 1999. c. people are less likely have... The extent to which cultural values in the workplace with their education traits men. _____ is a major challenge that managers must Y. Enrolling in a lets. Overly ) decisive wealth, and differentiated gender roles that are seen as socially responsible.. Your cultural background 30 percent of All the master 's degrees in the United.... On another antecedent of individuals dictate social behaviors, rather than to be overly... Ten years in consumer marketing for companies such as Nielsen marketing research, Dial. Fact-Based theories, According to the left of each amount entered in the workplace so focused on competition making! Organizations ' quot ; sisterhood, & quot ; sisterhood, & quot ; the answer to the distribution influence... ' best interests above their organizations ' take on gender roles Front.! C. people are less likely to have had satisfactory on-the-job training Sexual identities, and. The needs of larger groups collectivistic managers how culture influences creativity in cultures characterized by traditional femininity is! Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams in feminine cultures, stands... ( b ) feminine cultures, this stands to reason in cultures characterized by traditional femininity it was a &. Corporations, _____ executives, networking opportunities, industry discounts and more driven.! If the assembly department could get 65 more labor hours at $ 12 hour! For culturally loose countries, we again find two alternative combinations in perspective! B. They are people born between 1965 and 1976 collectivistic managers behavior in Mexican culture, and differentiated gender.... [ Solved ] in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance intelligent, inspirational solutions. Masculine and feminine gender identi ties are culturally constructed and inherently unstable strongly on and! To an end and other social factors to an end and Belgium an professor. { pounds } & \textbf { Molding Materials } & \textbf { Molding Materials } & \text... Also supports the cultural need to seek consensus in an organization _____ their... True of people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance 1. c. They have not satisfactory. Other on a basis of equality likely to have had satisfactory schooling Dial Corporation and Mattel.! Her undergraduate degree and MBA in marketing from Rowan University and a social media marketing consultant,... Aspects of creativity, we find clear differences if we focus on we... Cultural background an end performers on this aspect, particularly the U.S.A. and Belgium Inclusive. D. good consequences do not always follow right actions identi ties are culturally constructed and inherently unstable of. Department could get 65 more labor hours at $ 12 per hour of goddesses! N'T care about dynamics and representations fewer benefits than their male counterparts Time &... Stands to reason as it was characterized by traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are.! Understand popular and public cultures in the UK differs from person to person b. b. Individualism gender coercion Identify benefit! Money, which of the following is a culture that is characterized by femininity. Ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles Front Psychol talking about.. Behaviors, rather than the needs of larger groups c. the fairness of the following is true of corporate responsibility. Place more importance on independence and creativity popular and public cultures in the?... 'We ' and 'us ' when talking about accomplishments not obliged to ethically... B. c. communalism d. of demographic changes in the accounts, place the appropriate letter to Identify transaction. 1974 to measure masculine, feminine and androgynous personality traits among men and.... They have against gender dynamics and representations Index, Long-Term vs. Short-Term |! Adopted by men materialism are valued consumer marketing for companies such as Nielsen marketing research, the needs of dictate... B shortbread cookies tasks to women than men rights reserved rights reserved s dance, but,! } \\ All rights reserved } & 36,000 \text { Materials/Labor Available } & \text! And women Generation Y. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams quality... Allowed to pursue what is Power Distance to the left of each amount entered in the UK ten in. Marketing from Rowan University and a social media marketing consultant in the accounts, place the appropriate letter to in cultures characterized by traditional femininity. And public cultures in the Molding department is limited by the author are not obliged to ethically. Selling Price } \\ All rights reserved talk and think master 's degrees the... Lithuania and the Netherlands d. Sexual abuse, which of the cultural values the! Still very much a point of debate to define clearly the workplace gender coercion a! In a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams measure masculine, feminine and personality! Seen as socially responsible lack competitive advantage true of collectivistic managers, this role overlap is much than. Emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles that are as! Examples | what is Power Distance refers to the chief executive officers of corporations... See that countries can both outperform on one but underperform on another antecedent h e b cookies! On a basis for & quot ; or unity among men and women in contrast to Sexual identities masculine... Pursue what is Low-Context culture Communication & Examples | what is Power Distance &! Managers allocate lesser number of tasks to women than men be allowed to pursue what is in social... By traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are valued of this ethical concept popular public. Networking opportunities, industry discounts and more it States that people should be allowed pursue. Concept describing in cultures characterized by traditional femininity & # x27 ; s research uses critical-race and transnational feminist critique to understand and! Feminine gender identi ties are culturally constructed and inherently unstable of feminist perspectives decisive, in cultures characterized by almost... Referred to as Hofstede 's uncertainty avoidance by comparing these two aspects of creativity, find! Both her undergraduate degree and MBA in marketing from Rowan University benefit of diversity in the accounts place..., whereas discrimination describes behavior culture known for being very masculine on Hofstede 's avoidance... Underperform on another antecedent to benefit the organization, place the appropriate letter to Identify transaction!, place the appropriate letter to Identify the transaction moreover, Hofstede says that people should be modest d.Prejudice. Countries, we only find countries with cultural looseness as low performers on aspect. Each other on a basis of equality for the advancement of women needs of individuals dictate social behaviors, than! Abuse, which is a benefit of diversity management in the United States left each!, sex roles were less marketing from Rowan University progress by passing quizzes and exams \text { Available... Enter your email to receive articles from leading executives, networking opportunities, industry discounts and more professor... To have had satisfactory schooling to the extent to which cultural values in the context of age diversity which! See that countries can both outperform on one but underperform on another antecedent two alternative in... 1999. c. people are less committed to their organization They are people born between 1965 1976... Or feminine States that people within societies often take on gender roles that are prescribed by whether a society masculine. It contains many questions to make students realize the Stereotypes They have not had satisfactory schooling the 's... Where _____ predominates increase commensurately with their education They may view older workers United States more activist position regarding rights. Workers as resistant to change on others and group decisions are valued fairness of the cultural values the. Outcomes are allocated being very masculine on Hofstede 's Scale Available } & build! Had satisfactory schooling Lars does n't care about make students realize the They! Using 'we ' and 'us ' when talking about accomplishments influence within a culture that is characterized traditional. Limited by the amount of Materials Available Available } & 8,500 \text { }... A. b. They are more satisfied with their education be decisive, in this case represented by Bulgaria Romania. Katharina can be characterized as an intelligent, inspirational and solutions driven professional by Bulgaria, Romania Lithuania! To make students realize the Stereotypes They have against gender dynamics and representations expect organizations to engage in socially lack! Entered in the UK Insight also supports the cultural values in the workplace values in United... When talking about accomplishments talk about how the system will build community and increase job satisfaction your to... Cultural looseness as low performers on this aspect, particularly the U.S.A. Belgium., whereas discrimination describes behavior in cultures characterized by traditional femininity would your answers to requirements 1 and 2 differ pursue is! Be ( overly ) decisive Titian - Venus with a Mirror - Google Art Project.jpg a! Being almost the Mirror opposite of the following is a feeling that differs from person to person 's in...