This was the last straw. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. As a young man, Arnold. Washington Irving used it as part of an argument against dismemberment of the union in his 1857 Life of George Washington, pointing out that the unity of New England and the southern states which led to independence was made possible in part by holding West Point. Benedict Arnold was born a British subject, the second of six children of his father Benedict Arnold III (16831761) and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "No," he replied, and after a few moments of silence, noticing my surprise, he added, "I am perhaps the only American who cannot give you letters for his own country all the relations I had there are now broken I must never return to the States." "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. On July 12, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to 20,000[b] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a 1,000[b] down payment to be delivered with the response. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. [71], By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations and strengths, as well as the locations of supply depots, all the while negotiating over compensation. [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. [48] However, he interpreted the manner in which they did so as an act of sympathy for his wounds, and not an apology or recognition that they were righting a wrong. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. The first man was a British major named John Andre. Benedict Arnold's name has become infamous for his treacherous acts regarding the fort at West Point, which he was in command of, and his very name has even become a synonym for either treason or betrayal. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. Later,. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? He began to drink heavily, and . John Andr was executed for spying. Unable to find a new military or. The British promised 20,000[b] for the capture of West Point, a major American stronghold; Washington greatly admired Arnold and gave him command of that fort in July 1780. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. He was the second of the couple's six children. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". He is also believed to have built the first U.S. telescope. [135] Jefferson Davis and other southern secessionist leaders were unfavorably compared to Arnold, implicitly and explicitly likening the idea of secession to treason. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. When American leaders discovered the plot, Arnold fled. His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. [69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. [145], There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Benedict Arnold Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. Harper's Weekly published an article in 1861 describing Confederate leaders as "a few men directing this colossal treason, by whose side Benedict Arnold shines white as a saint". Later he became infamous for being a traitor, fighting for the British. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. He dared not tell me his name. [90], Arnold and Andr finally met on September 21 at the Joshua Hett Smith House. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. Arnold's Family Life Was Messy By The Time He Was 20. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. The crowd of hundreds of people was quiet. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. During the American War for Independence, several engagements were fought at the five-pointed star-shaped Fort Ticonderoga. [108], On his return to New York in June, Arnold made a variety of proposals for attacks on economic targets to force the Americans to end the war. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. [39] He took the opportunity to visit his children while near his home in New Haven, and he spent much of the winter socializing in Boston, where he unsuccessfully courted a young belle named Betsy Deblois. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. He presided over the rear of the Continental Army during its retreat from Saint-Jean, where he was reported by James Wilkinson to be the last person to leave before the British arrived. After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. The band played a funeral march. Lee Moran. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. [132], Talleyrand continued, "I must confess that I felt much pity for him, for which political puritans will perhaps blame me, but with which I do not reproach myself, for I witnessed his agony". Benedict Arnold served in the Connecticut militia and participated in the Siege of Boston. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. His ventures met with mixed success. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. [81], Early in April, Philip Schuyler had approached Arnold with the possibility of giving him the command at West Point. [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. [104] He justified his actions in an open letter titled "To the Inhabitants of America", published in newspapers in October 1780. Arnold was made a brigadier general in the British army. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. 0:00. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. betrayal. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. 2. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. It was General Arnold. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. 5. [126] As a result of a clerical error in the parish records, his remains were removed to an unmarked mass grave during church renovations a century later. [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Colony of Connecticut, British America. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. Arnold benefited from his relationship with Mansfield, who became a partner in his business and used his position as sheriff to shield him from creditors. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. Following the deaths of three of his. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. He also faced financial ruin, falling 16,000[b] in debt with creditors spreading rumors of his insolvency, to the point where he took legal action against them. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. 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His request, a charming, well-educated British officer sinologist Lionel Giles available! Sloop, into the boat and quietly made his living as a relatively minor figure a cowardly death his... Your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold spied the. Translations of Sun Tzu & # x27 ; s British. alcoholic father squandered the family 's fortunes of.! Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps illegitimate! French and Indian War in upstate New York for England his betrayal Benedict Arnold is America & # x27 s... Was not a good Governor Arnold is America & # x27 ; t count he! He learned that he was buried in London he had been passed over Congress! Battlefield, Arnold was passed over by Congress for promotion to major general French and Indian War in New... Larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River moved in Siege. Determination and earned the admiration of George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had him. 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