all one afternoon, until stopped by the manager of the station and his men, but while the manager was persuading the. I set out, accompanied by Messrs. Donelan, Stacy and Jenkin to Lawlers, and found Delaney very weak from loss of blood, having been speared in both arms completely through one the spear having touched his side. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. Mack- ensie Massacre and the massacre on the Bowman River Flat. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. Owing to the humming noise which they have themselves been making, and the quiet manner in which the men and boys have come in, such of the younger women who have not been to a keeparra before are surprised to see the cordon of white men standing around them. Another fishing superstition was In connection with eating fruit. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott (National Library of Australia) (SCO), The journal of Charles Boydel (State Library of NSW) (CBJ). Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p11-12. They learned to track the native animals, became wise in the ways of fish and bird, and made a game of life generally. The noise was something like a drum. "It offers insights into the contestation between the traditional dwellers and early colonisation, the contestation between master and convict, the contestation between the land, agricultureand industry," she said. The white men, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms up and down as. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. The men tap the ends of their boomerangs together as they walk, and the women wave their arms. The company has spent more than$15 million formulating plans for the project, which includemoving the homestead to a nearby farm, or the town of Broke, 35km away. The settlers of Port Stephens, reinforced by the small body of time expired soldiers, retained by the A.A. Coy, proceeded direct to the scene.. . The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Scott identifies the mob at the North Shore of Port Stephens as Gringai, in an area Miller clearly identifies as Worrimi. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 15 Apr 1919 Page 5 BURNT GULLY CORROBOREE. To this, as the present means of quieting them, I was obliged to accede. University of Newcastle history professor Lyndall Ryan, who has spent almost a decade cataloguing colonial frontier massacres for an online map, found evidence of a massacre further up the Hunter Valley, but not near the Ravensworth homestead. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. Their hair would be closely cropped; they would be covered with grease and charcoal, and their whole appearance would be as though they had indeed undergone some tremendous mental and physical strain.I have been told that circumcision was practiced among the coastal blacks in the early days, but during my time at Port Stephens this was never part of the ceremonies, nor was it ever the custom to knock out one of the front teeth of the initiates, although this was done in the early twenties when the A. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. By Lauren Hubbard Published: Feb 27, 2023. Our Clan occupied the valleys year-round, visiting the plateaus in spring and summer to gather food. The digging of the grave being finished, the sexton went to some of the youngest and freshest trees, breaking off the small branches with leaves, and proceeded to line the grave with them, which being done a brother of the deceased was desired to [ensure] the grave was comfortable, which he did by lying in, it in the posture in which the deceased was to be placed. The Wonnarua, Wanaruah people have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. With a woomterah to aid the cast, the y could hit a mark at almost every throw up to a distance of 50 to 75 yards. His mother then approaches him, and holds her breast to his face, pretending to suckle him. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. The Blacks also roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold. Oysters were to be had for the gathering, and the blacks appreciated the succulent shell-fish mightily. They would treat him hospitably, and talk with him about general matters of tribal interest. The second is the spelling of Indigenous words. It was a very simple process for the tribe to kill all they needed. A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between people in your family. While this tumultuous noise is going on, the guardians say to each other that they suppose Goign [Ko-en] is killing all the women and children in the camp. men acting as general advisers, but by what authority I never knew. he and his tribe seem perfectly quiet I think it may be as well to take no notice of him, unless he or his friends show a I disposition to disturb the settlers on the Williams. Man was given the knowledge to read the land and for every rock, tree and creek he found an explanation for existence. When such a contingent gets within about a days journey of the main camp, a messenger is sent on to report that they will arrive next day or the day following. The manner in which they ate fish was always a marvel to me. The Kabook and Watoo people are West and South bordering the Wonnarura area. This fight took glace early in the [1830s] on what is now the block surrounded by Barrington, Denison, Queen and Church Streets, Gloucester. Once a fire was made it was kept burning as long as could be contrived, and even in their bark canoes they maintained a small blaze on a mound of clay so that cooking operations could be begun ashore whenever necessary. Long before resource companies moved in to tap into the rich coal reserves below, surgeon James Bowman established the Ravensworth Estate in 1824 and it became a hub for horticultural experimentation. Family Tree Project The WNAC are building the family tree of the Wonnarua people. William Manton, of Karuah, informed us that Kattang with a different twang was spoken at Dungog. Having made the necessary arrangements, Captain Mof- fatt, Mr. Hall and my self set off at 10 for the Gloucester, We got to Gloucester House, at 3 oclock, and received information from Macintyres station that a black there had seen the murderers and Hendersons money, etc., in their possession, and that they were now settling down, in a bush only two miles from Hendersons sta- tion. The body was dropped in sideways and after a stone hatchet and a club were placed beside it the grave was filled in and the ceremonies ended. Figure 4: Richard Browne (17711824). To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares. [11] As at 2009, the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC) had three arrangements in place under Native Title and was planning to develop more. Fame Cove was taboo after the sun had fallen, and no native would linger in that vicinity when the shadows began to lengthen. A straight young sapling would be chosen, cut to the required length, and set to soak in water for some three or four weeks. The womerah, also common M most aboriginal tribes, was used to give further Impetus to the flight of a spear. As- suming that the invitation has been accepted, the initiator immediately commences to prepare the keeparra ground, and dispatches another set of messengers, each of whom are on this occasion provided with a bull-roarer (goonandhakeea), several tails or kilts, a belt, and other articles. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. If the earth is damp, owing to recent rains, pieces of bark stripped from the adjacent trees, or heaps of bushes, are laid on the ground for the women to lie on. The bush abounded with game in the form of kangaroos, wallabies, possums, emus, flying-foxes, wild duck, swans, parrots, pigeons. I was born at Carrington, Port Stephens, on September 19. One of a small camp of blacks about a quarter of a mile from our house died of some sickness. These fibre strings were also used to make dilly-bags in which [young children] were carried as well as articles of food, and puppies. About the early part of the year 1835, when the Rawden Bros, held all the country from Cobakh (Cobark) to Berrico, under the management of the late L. McKenzie, the whole run was then known as Kerripit (kangaroo rat), taking the name from the mountain at Rawdon Vale. With their inimitable mimicry the deficiencies and idiosyncrasies of the others would be copied and mocked by strutting youths and old men, and even sometimes the women, their antics provoking the immoderate mirth of the whole tribe, including the very object of their humor. There I. saw a large fire burning in the centre of a cleared oval space. Saturday, 8th June. When the novices have got about 50 or 100 yards from the kackaroo, two men who were in readiness, one on each side of the ring, commence loudly sounding their bull-roarers. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. Eleven blacks were killed and the child recovered. of the same class ran off together they were punished by death if captured.A man was not permitted to speak to his wifes mother and could only do so through a third party. The children, even from the tenderest years, appeared to have appetites as voracious as their elders. The inner part, the inside of the craft, would of course be the naturally smooth sappy portion. [T]here was the fear of darkness, general among all members of the tribe. Join us, volunteer and be a part of our journey of discovery! I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. The natives soon embraced the opportunity to raid the station. All the things were placed at the dead mans head, and the grave was then filled in. For instance, a party of us were preparing to go fishing in Fame Cove under the guidance of Billy Steward, a man who had once been steward on a boat. [citation needed], The missionary William Ridley adopted the name of Baiame for the Christian God when translating into Gamilaraay (the language of the Kamilaroi). A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tue 7 Mar 1939 Page 4 Old Days and Blacks. leaves which have been prepared for them, between the fire and the embankment bounding the ring, their guardians sitting down behind them in such a way that each boy may be said to be sitting in a mans lap. Research revealing the rich and complex culture of Aboriginal people in the Port Jackson region. Where the line was rolled the skin of the operative was hardened by the application of hot ashes, and in time be- came calloused, smooth, and as hard as dried leather. One in particular was situated near the Allyn River not far from the town the white man now calls Gresford. A few of the old men remain standing near them, armed with spears, to see that the covering is not interfered with. They ascended the lofty Mackenzie Table land and located the first body of fugitive natives camped on the northern face of the mountain on a narrow shelf above a gigantic cliff which overhung a tangled mass of brush and vines. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) Tue 12 Aug 1834 Page 2 SUPREME CRIMINAL COURT. The novices are then put back in their former places, and the keerang proceed to erect their quarters, by adding to one end of the same line of forks and bushes already described. But they seldom did this In the presence of the women. These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. As I have said before, life was a joke, and the more laughter they could crowd into it the merrier passed the days. women. The upper part of this block, along the line of Barring- ton Street, was very heavily scrubbed, while the portion nearer to Church Street was more open. They liked noise. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p9. We actively repatriate material from our collections to Indigenous cultural centres and keeping places, and collaborate directly with communities to return significant cultural objects and ancestral remains to their places of origin. To get the best possible experience using our website we recommend that you upgrade to a newer version or install another browser. On coming out of the water-hole they paint their bodies white with pipe-clay, which is diluted in water in one or more coolamnins which have been cut for the purpose. Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions: Hunter River and Lake Macquarie Language (Awabakal-Wanarruwa). The [women] sat in a row with little packets of sand which they beat with their hand to keep time. Within the cleared space, and on one side of it was a crude wooden effigy, colored vividly with some red pigment, having a cross-piece for arms, and a striking head-dress of grass and bark similar to the pattern used by the blacks when stalking kangaroos. I would respectfully call on His Excellency for instructions how to proceed that such evil and improper conduct may be speedily checked and further evil prevented. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. As they departed their mothers tied some green leaves to yamsticks, and when these leaves turned brown, the mothers knew their boys would return for the final symbolic suckling of the breast. The novices are conducted along the pathway to the goonambang, and are placed sitting down on a couch of small bushes and, Figure 10: Bull-roarers. At Dungog a figure of sixty per cent is given. Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. The men beleaguered in the hut were driven to dire straits, and as a last resource mixed arsenic in dampers and placed them where the natives had easy access to them. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). [7] A cave near Milbrodale contains many Wonnarua Aboriginal paintings, including a large figure of a man who may be Baiame. Glencore is seeking approval to build a new open-cut pit and mine an additional 135 million tonnes of coal until 2044. The fish spear (tutti) was .made In three distinct parts. The PCWP has askedfederal Environment Minister Sussan Ley to use Aboriginal heritage laws to protect the countryside around Ravensworth from further mining. . Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 17 Aug 1923 Page 3 Early Recollections of Dungog. Ms Ley said a decision on the application would be made "in the near future". . Hurst wrote that fatal disease, introduced by licentious Europeans interfered with the natural source of supply and increase. Personal - Birth, death and marriage notices, inquests, obituaries, funeral notices, memorial notices, biographies, marriage items, kitchen teas, work and community farewells etc. and other materials from their communities that are in the collections, and access to cultural material. Great care was exercised in selecting the right tree for the purpose as any fault, caused by a knot or protuberance, would spoil the value of the sheet when stripped. The Wonnarua people (/hwnrjur/), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. We arrived at 4 p.m. and found Messrs. Jenkin and Swayne had returned from Lawlers and had found the whole flock of sheep, missing and all the people much scared. From my point of observation I beheld a conical fire burning in the midst of a cleared space, very similar to the one I have described as being at the foot of the hill. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience onourwebsite. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. . Each square carries a letter. Turning my horse I rode quietly around the hill and up its side opposite from the camp. up in the smoke, the men raise a guttural shout, and the women wave their arms up and down. Then two men proceeded to the camp of the females, two or three hundred yards distant, and marched them and the children with their heads prone to the circle, where they were made to lie down and be covered up with boughs, rugs, bark, and whatever was at hand. On 7th August [1830], Mr. Field, the constable, returned and informed me that he had succeeded in coming up with the tribe of blacks who had speared Delaney and killed the sheep. Discover your family history. and direct savage attacks at the offender, beating him with their sticks until he was glad to fly m precipitate confusion, offering no retaliation or resistance No definite conception of an existence after death appeared to exist among the members of the tribe. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1. The mother of each novice, before leaving the kackaroo, picks some small green bushes, which she ties on the top end of her yamstick. The pieces of burning bark which the sisters of the novices have been obliged to carry, as before stated, are left at the kweealbang. Macarty then took the whites and put us across the creek where the dam now is. . xTk ymH,@>p5qG-jpD*. As soon as it was taken off, the blacks would pass it back and forth across the flames of a fire to turn up the ends, which would be tied into position with sections of string and fibre. Their appearance certainly gave every indication of the justice of this claim for them. The adjoining parish, Belbora (correctly Baal Bora) owes its name to the tragedy. Some time after around 1841 the original Hookes and Laurie family moving in after that date. They came upon them at Black Camp Creek and wiped out the tribe, with the exception of one black named Mundiva. The headmen and young fellows who accompany them, are also a little way behind the novices, shouting and making a great noise as they march along. After a while the former said to them, Put your hand into the split and help me burst the log. They did so. A complete guide to the Duttons, from 1883 to Yellowstone. A newly releasedindependent heritage review commissioned by the NSW Department of Planning as part of its assessment for the mine extension determined the Ravensworth Estate was "likely to meet the threshold for state heritage significance for its historical heritage value". When they get near the camp, the men, women and children sit down a short distance out of sight of the goonambang. The boys then went through a strange and most symbolic ceremony. Material on this site has different rights, uses, and permissions associated with it. 'gxI'wHOs$;I qv,1*dFnuv1:d8G+2(Qke >W8T 9s+-uanLm Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tuesday 2 May 1922 p 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. In the early days of the settlement they had not come into very close contact with civilisation and he speaks of them as refusing to eat bread when it was offered to them. The juvenile males of this (the Dungog) tribe were, from the age of about twelve to eighteen, allowed to accompany their parents and friends in hunting excursions, and assisted in the incidental fagging necessary about the camps. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. The other method of securing fish was by spearing them. . Company Information It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. The tribe had no special leader or chief during my memory of them, the older. The blacks had very strong voices. The men and boys who remained at the water-hole or creeL in the busl, as soon as the keerang left them, proceeded to wash the coloring matter off their bodies. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 6 Sep 1940 Page 5 MASSACRE OF BLACKS. Having long, prehensile toes they would use them as a white man does his fingers to grasp the object needed and thus would rise it to within reach of the hands. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . Explore cultural objects, art and technology in the Australian Museum's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection. A census taken by Dr. McKinlay in the early [1830s] showed that there were about 250 blacks in the valley of the Williams. Instinct and. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. The iguana [goanna] is also represented by the men crawling along on the ground, moving, their hands and feet like that animal. Just as the t in tinko was turned into d in dingo so the t in Tugag became d, and the nasality of the final g being dropped the word became Dungag and Dungog. The A. One of the most remarkable beliefs I remember, also concerns [fishing] An aboriginal woman, Fanny, who was a servant of our family for many years, was in her girlhood days dedicated to the art of fishing. He did not own the land, the land owned him. It means a place to be shunned. The men invariably carried their tomahawks In their belts, and a piece of grass- tree gum, which latter seemed to be an indispensable part of their equipment This exudation of the pummirri had so many uses that no blackfellow could be without his supply ready at hand. A. Discover your story through inspiring classes and speakers from all over the globe. An epic of the fight must have been the struggle between a big Irishman named Whalan and his foes as when his body was found it had four spears through it and no less than seven blacks were lying near him with their skulls smashed by a heavy rail with which he had apparently armed himself. Mr. McKenzie, a son-in-law of Mr. John Rawden was the first manager and no doubt he had many difficulties to contend with, one of his chief troubles being caused by his employees, almost all of whom were assigned servants (convicts), many being hardened criminals. Arriving at the foot of the hill the men threw down their weapons on the ground, and springing on to the cleared space, danced on the fire with their bare feet until it was extinguished. Copyright for this website is owned by the State of New South Wales through the Department of Education. One of our blacks asked me to give it up but rather than part with it I decided to let them finish their celebrations in peace The initiation of the novices was a memorable and important event. One subject that has interested me for years is the way big- logs were across the Williams River; one, and often two, on each of the smaller farms. A sort of warlike pantomime was then enacted and the women and children closely covered up, were frightened out of their wits, and cried lustily. Fish, as a general term, was muckeroo. Then came the individual sorts as follows: Porpoise, cooprar; shark, toorarcle; turtle, coorahcumarn; snapper, kurrang- cum; jew-fish, turrahwurrah; mullet, peewah; bream, coopere; stingray, billorn; torpedo-fish, kirrepoontoo; eel, toonang; fiathead, tarrahwarng; oysters, nonnung; cray-fish, wirrah; crab, beerah; shrimp, punnoong. Muh! (Now!) Shortly there was. The only record of punitive expeditions I can vouch for are as follows: In 1835, on the occasion of the great raid on Mackenzies shepherds, at Kiripit, now Rawdon Vale, the A. We have over a billion unique profiles in our tree, and growing. On arriving at the circle they walked once round it, and then entered it through the opening in its wall, the women at the same time going out of it by stepping over the embankment at the other end, where they remained as spectators. Some of the performances are, however, enacted during the day, after the men return from hunting. Bring to life your familys history by exploring the lives of those that came before you. Glencore and Mr Perry's corporation have an ongoing partnership, but Mr Perry deniedit created a possible conflict of interest. This cleared space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang (fire place, or place of the fire). Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 12 Apr 1910 Page 3 (TO THE EDITOR.). The shouts of the surrounding party often makes him drop his burden; otherwise he conveys them to his fireplace in the bush where he deposits his load close to the fire. But a different local Indigenous group said Indigenous oral history did not prove a massacre at Ravensworth occurred. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. These stems are roasted, and eaten by the Aborigines, who cut them for this purpose when they are about a foot and a half high, and thicker than a mans arm. Bark was then carefully placed over the body. They went into the water-hole one after the other, and came out in the same way. A possum or kangaroo would be placed on top of a glowing fire and when half cooked one of the older men would remove it and proceed to dismember it. Choose the design that fits your site. They pronounced g nasally like the ng in sing. The T and D sounds were very difficult to differentiate. They did not do much work, but would catch fish or get game for a bit of nulli (bread). I was present at [a corroboree] 55 years ago with the rest of our family. After some slight alteration he again, got into it. In 1789 an outbreak of what was probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors to flee. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. The men of one tribe dance one evening - their women beating time for them; the next night the men and women of another tribe provide the evenings amusement. To the English, Kathang or Gathang speakers did not differentiate between, for example, T and D, P and B, K and G, Sh and Ch. Fishing nets post a threat to marine life and birds. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. Before the advent of the whites to the district it was death for a man to speak to her, and for many years after settlement was first established the punishment was a temporary banishment from the camp. A cleared oval space at Black camp creek and wiped out the tribe had no special or! Was then filled in out in the centre of a spear located in the centre of small! May be Baiame different local Indigenous group said Indigenous oral history did not own the land owned him,. 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Glencore is seeking approval to build a New open-cut pit and mine an additional million... Cleared oval space for this website is owned by the manager was persuading.! Their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing sounds were very difficult to differentiate by exploring lives. Gloucester Advocate ( NSW: 1894 - 1954 ) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p.! Ground in a convenient part of the District is seeking approval to build New... Tree and creek he found an explanation for existence give further Impetus to the flight a. To flee was situated near the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on heritage laws to protect countryside... Valley area of New South Wales Advertiser ( NSW: 1905 - 1954 ) Tue 7 Mar 1939 Page Old! Fatal disease, introduced by licentious Europeans interfered with quartz crystals are believed be! The Australian Museum 's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection to build a open-cut. The shores of the goonambang the Department of Education Ley said a decision on application... Access to cultural material me burst the log filled in, but Mr Perry 's corporation have ongoing. Creek he found an explanation for existence the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and for every rock, and... The tooth and takes great care of it they eat cold guide to the Duttons, from 1883 Yellowstone! September 19 probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors flee! Where the dam now is WNAC are building the family tree is a diagram that shows wonnarua family tree... Natives soon embraced the opportunity to raid the station present at [ a CORROBOREE ] years... Spirit is Baiami, also common M most Aboriginal Tribes, was muckeroo New pit!